{"id":7520,"date":"2022-10-12T08:57:24","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T08:57:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/?p=7520"},"modified":"2024-11-28T06:49:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-28T06:49:50","slug":"quelle-est-la-structure-et-le-principe-de-fonctionnement-dun-ecran-lcd-tft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/fr\/quelle-est-la-structure-et-le-principe-de-fonctionnement-dun-ecran-lcd-tft\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle est la structure et le principe de fonctionnement des \u00e9crans TFT LCD ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Les \u00e9crans LCD sont omnipr\u00e9sents dans notre vie quotidienne, tels que les \u00e9crans de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision \u00e0 domicile, les affichages des interrupteurs de commande, les \u00e9crans d'ordinateur, les panneaux publicitaires LCD sur les bords des rues, les enseignes dans les centres commerciaux, etc. Alors, quelle est la structure et le principe de fonctionnement des \u00e9crans LCD TFT ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>D\u00e9finition du LCD TFT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Le LCD TFT (Thin Film Transistor), fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au transistor \u00e0 couches minces (matrice active couleur). <a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/how-do-lcd-screens-work-a-simple-guide-to-tft-lcd-technology\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"24\">Le TFT est une technologie pour les \u00e9crans LCD.<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Le domaine technologique comprend diff\u00e9rentes technologies, telles que le TFT et le TN, qui pr\u00e9sentent des diff\u00e9rences significatives. L'angle de vision du TFT est plus large, tandis que celui du TN est plus \u00e9troit. En termes de couleur, le TFT offre des couleurs plus vives et riches, car son affichage utilise un \u00e9clairage \u201c par transparence \u201d provenant de LED, c'est-\u00e0-dire qu'un tube lumineux sp\u00e9cial est plac\u00e9 \u00e0 l'arri\u00e8re du LCD. Lorsque les \u00e9lectrodes FET sont activ\u00e9es, les mol\u00e9cules du LCD changent, et l'affichage est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en bloquant ou en transmettant la lumi\u00e8re, ce qui am\u00e9liore le temps de r\u00e9ponse du LCD TFT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Compar\u00e9 au TN, le TFT pr\u00e9sente un contraste plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, des couleurs plus riches et une fr\u00e9quence de rafra\u00eechissement d'image plus rapide, c'est pourquoi le TFT est \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 \u2018 vraie couleur \u201c. Parall\u00e8lement, le TFT-LCD est \u00e9quip\u00e9 d'un dispositif de commutation \u00e0 semi-conducteurs pour chaque pixel, permettant ainsi \u00e0 chaque pixel d'\u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9 directement par une impulsion ponctuelle. Chaque n\u0153ud est donc relativement ind\u00e9pendant et peut \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9 en continu. C'est l'une des raisons pour lesquelles le TFT pr\u00e9sente des avantages plus \u00e9vidents que le TN.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Il ne fait aucun doute que les produits des fabricants d'\u00e9crans d'ordinateurs portables et de moniteurs PC utilisent le TFT-LCD. Actuellement, avec l'am\u00e9lioration de la vie intelligente, le LCD TFT est \u00e9galement appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreux produits. Les produits de maison intelligente, tels que les r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateurs, les machines \u00e0 caf\u00e9, les hottes de cuisine, les fours, les cuiseurs \u00e0 riz, etc., ainsi que les contr\u00f4leurs centraux domestiques, les r\u00e9gulateurs de temp\u00e9rature et d'humidit\u00e9, les enceintes intelligentes, etc. Dans le domaine automobile, les affichages de vitesse, les \u00e9crans intelligents de tableau de bord, les \u00e9crans publicitaires dans les v\u00e9hicules, etc. Dans le domaine industriel, divers \u00e9crans industriels, grandes machines industrielles, ordinateurs, etc. Les produits LCD TFT ont des utilisations tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es dans les domaines industriel, m\u00e9dical, automobile et de la vie quotidienne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">De plus, avec le d\u00e9veloppement continu de la technologie, le taux de rendement a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment am\u00e9lior\u00e9, et l'\u00e9mergence de nouvelles technologies a permis au TFT-LCD de r\u00e9aliser des progr\u00e8s significatifs en termes de temps de r\u00e9ponse, de contraste, de luminosit\u00e9 et d'angle de vision. Avec le d\u00e9veloppement scientifique et technologique, la demande pour les grands \u00e9crans tactiles augmente \u00e9galement, ce qui repr\u00e9sente un \u00e9norme progr\u00e8s dans l'interaction humaine et t\u00e9moigne de l'expansion continue des domaines d'application du LCD TFT.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7625\" src=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/application01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/application01.jpg 961w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/application01-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/application01-600x406.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Structure de l'\u00e9cran LCD de type TFT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Le TFT a-Si typique est principalement compos\u00e9 d'un substrat en verre, d'une \u00e9lectrode de grille, d'une couche isolante de grille, d'une couche active semi-conductrice a-Si, d'une couche de contact ohmique n+a-Si, d'\u00e9lectrodes source-drain et d'un film protecteur, parmi lesquels la couche isolante de grille et le film protecteur utilisent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement du SiN.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">La structure du TFT a-Si peut \u00eatre divis\u00e9e en quatre structures typiques : la source, le drain et l'\u00e9lectrode de grille sont situ\u00e9s du m\u00eame c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la couche active semi-conductrice a-Si, ce qui constitue une structure plane ; lorsque la source, le drain et l'\u00e9lectrode de grille sont situ\u00e9s sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieur de la couche a-Si, on parle de structure plane \u00e0 grille positive ; lorsque la source, le drain et l'\u00e9lectrode de grille sont situ\u00e9s sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieur de la couche a-Si, on parle de structure plane \u00e0 grille invers\u00e9e ; lorsque la source et le drain sont situ\u00e9s sur un c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la couche a-Si et l'\u00e9lectrode de grille sur l'autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, on parle de structure d\u00e9cal\u00e9e. Si la grille est sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieur de la couche a-Si et la source et le drain sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieur, il s'agit d'une structure d\u00e9cal\u00e9e \u00e0 grille positive ou structure \u00e0 grille sup\u00e9rieure ; si la grille est sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieur de la couche a-Si et la source et le drain sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieur, il s'agit d'une structure d\u00e9cal\u00e9e \u00e0 grille invers\u00e9e ou structure \u00e0 grille inf\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Du point de vue du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de fabrication, les trois couches (ou deux couches) de SiN, a-Si et n+a-Si dans la structure d\u00e9cal\u00e9e peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9pos\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re continue, ce qui convient \u00e0 une production en ligne et r\u00e9duit la contamination crois\u00e9e. Aujourd'hui, la structure d\u00e9cal\u00e9e est devenue la norme, car elle permet non seulement une op\u00e9ration continue pour a-Si, SiN et n+a-Si, mais aussi parce que la grille invers\u00e9e peut servir de couche de protection contre la lumi\u00e8re (sans n\u00e9cessiter une couche suppl\u00e9mentaire), ce qui est tr\u00e8s adapt\u00e9 au TFT a-Si. Ce point est important car l'a-Si est sensible \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re, et une fois que la lumi\u00e8re p\u00e9n\u00e8tre et provoque une augmentation du courant de fuite, la qualit\u00e9 de l'image se d\u00e9grade.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7521 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFT-LCD-SOURCE.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFT-LCD-SOURCE.jpg 800w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFT-LCD-SOURCE-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/TFT-LCD-SOURCE-600x356.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Principe de fonctionnement du LCD TFT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">D'apr\u00e8s le diagramme de structure en coupe du TFT-LCD, on peut voir que le LCD est compos\u00e9 de deux substrats en verre entre lesquels est pris en sandwich le cristal liquide, formant un condensateur \u00e0 plaques parall\u00e8les. Le condensateur et le condensateur de stockage int\u00e9gr\u00e9 sont charg\u00e9s via le TFT int\u00e9gr\u00e9 sur le substrat en verre inf\u00e9rieur pour maintenir la tension n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 chaque image jusqu'\u00e0 la mise \u00e0 jour de l'image suivante. Le LCD TFT n'\u00e9met pas de lumi\u00e8re par lui-m\u00eame, donc un r\u00e9tro\u00e9clairage est n\u00e9cessaire, et un panneau de r\u00e9tro\u00e9clairage doit \u00eatre ajout\u00e9 au LCD <a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/what-causes-lcd-panel-failure\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"62\">pour fournir une source lumineuse \u00e0 haute luminosit\u00e9 et \u00e0 distribution uniforme. Le LCD permet en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re provenant de la source situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l'arri\u00e8re de passer pour repr\u00e9senter ses couleurs, mais la plupart des r\u00e9tro\u00e9clairages que nous pouvons observer sont des sources lumineuses LED blanches.<\/a> PLUS DE RECOMMANDATIONS.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>ACHETEZ UN PANNEAU LCD TFT ICI :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-tft-lcd-and-oled\/\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre un \u00e9cran LCD TFT et un OLED ?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/which-is-better-resistive-touchscreen-or-capacitive-touchscreen\/\">Quel est le meilleur : \u00e9cran tactile r\u00e9sistif ou capacitif ?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/why-should-the-automotive-lcd-display-be-resistant-to-high-and-low-temperatures\/\">Pourquoi l'affichage LCD automobile doit-il r\u00e9sister aux hautes et basses temp\u00e9ratures ?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt\"><strong>Panneau LCD carr\u00e9 5 pouces 1080*1920<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/product\/rjoytek-high-brightness-2800nit-5-inch-tft-lcd-module\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7358 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display.jpg 800w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-230x230.jpg 230w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-315x315.jpg 315w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/5-inch-2800nit-lcd-display-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/product\/17-inch-tft-lcd-12801024-display-panel\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7422 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display.jpg\" alt=\"Affichage TFT 17 pouces\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display.jpg 800w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-230x230.jpg 230w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-315x315.jpg 315w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/17-inch-tft-display-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/product\/7-inch-capacitive-touch-screen-12001920-tft-lcd-touch-display\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7227 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen.jpg 800w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-230x230.jpg 230w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-315x315.jpg 315w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rjoytek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-inch-touchscreen-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;text-align: center\">\u00c9cran TFT 17 pouces 1280*1024<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;text-align: center\">\u00c9cran tactile LCD TFT 7 pouces<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%;text-align: center\">Si vous avez besoin d'aide, n'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter !<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>RJOYTEK propose des \u00e9crans LCD TFT de 1,3\u2033 \u00e0 24\u2033, des micro-\u00e9crans de 0,38\u2033 \u00e0 0,99\u2033, des \u00e9crans LCD barres de 5\u2033 \u00e0 42\u2033, avec un grand stock et des d\u00e9lais de livraison rapides, une quantit\u00e9 minimale de commande tr\u00e8s faible (1 pi\u00e8ce possible), et les personnalisations sont les bienvenues.<\/p>\n<p>RJOYTEK provide 1.3\u2033-24\u2033 TFT LCD display, 0.38\u2033-0.99\u2033 microdisplay, 5\u2033-42\u2033 bar LCD display, with large stock and fast delivery time, very small MOQ 1pcs could buy, customized is welcome.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LCD displays can be seen everywhere in our life, such as TV screens at home, control switch displays, computer displays, roadside advertising LCD screens we see when walking on the street, signs in shopping malls, etc. Then, what is the structure and work principle of TFT LCD displays? Definition of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7523,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[425],"tags":[136,226,227],"class_list":["post-7520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tft-basics","tag-tft-lcd","tag-tft-structure","tag-working-principle-of-tft-lcd"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.8.3.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"LCD displays can be seen everywhere in our life, such as TV screens at home, control switch displays, computer displays, roadside advertising LCD screens we see when walking on the street, signs in shopping malls, etc. Then, what is the structure and work principle of TFT LCD displays? 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